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Treason as defined by the United States
Constitution
Article III
Section 3. Treason against the United States,
shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their
enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason
unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession
in open court.
The Congress shall have power to declare
the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption
of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attained.
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Habeas Corpus
Literally you have the body. A writ or order that a prisoner
be bought before a court at a stated time and place to decide the legality
of his detention or imprisonment. A right guaranteed Americans in the Fifth
and Sixth Amendments of the Constitution.
The First, Fifth and Sixth Amendments
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people
peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of
grievances.
Amendment V
No person shall be held to answer for a
capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment
of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or
in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger;
nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in
jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to
be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property,
without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public
use, without just compensation.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused
shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial
jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed,
which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to
be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted
with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining
witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.
[emphasis added]
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Judicial Canon 17 of the American Bar
Association
Ex parte communication.
A judge should not
permit private interviews, arguments or communications designed to influence
his judicial action, where interests to be affected thereby are not represented
before him, except where provision is made by law.
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